Saturday, May 18, 2013

Beat the School

Back in January, the math department and half the science department at my school attended a workshop hosted by the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education.  Every fall, our eighth graders and sophomores take the EXPLORE and PLAN tests which measure their readiness for college and the ACT.  The purpose of this workshop was to teach us how to use the wealth of data provided to us in the form of score reports. 
 
The speakers were amazing, and I really left the workshop feeling motivated and inspired to make some changes in my classroom.  I took some notes during the workshop, and I really need to track them down and type them up to share.  As a result of this workshop, the other math teacher began doing bellwork with his students.  I had already been doing bellwork since the beginning of the year, but this workshop inspired me to change my approach to bellwork. 
 
Here's how I did bellwork second semester.  When my students entered the classroom, there was a multiple choice question on the SMART Board that was taken from released EOI questions.  I wanted my students to be very familiar with the way things were going to be presented and worded on the high-stakes test they would take at the end of the year.  My students knew that they needed to get a dry erase board, marker, and eraser as soon as they entered my classroom. 
 
Students would start solving the problem (usually) as soon as they got to their seat.  As I stood in the doorway, I would often overhear students discussing the problem amongst themselves.  When students decided on an answer, they would write down their answer and show it to me.  Depending on the question, I would either tell students yes or no or I would acknowledge that they had finished the problem and ask them to wait until everyone else had finished. 
 
As soon as the bell rang, we would go over the bellwork question.  Next, we would move into a routine I called "Beat the School."  On the SMART board, I would project a question that was taken directly from that year's PLAN test.  I would give students exactly 60 seconds to solve the problem.  When students take the ACT, they will be given 60 seconds per problem, so I want them to start getting used to working under a time constraint.  This is something new to my students because their end of instruction exams are always untimed.
 
If students were not finished at the end of the minute, they still had to choose an answer.  I reminded them that they should never leave a question blank on a test if there is no penalty for guessing.  When time was called, each student held up their answer on their dry erase board.  With a quick raise of hands, we tallied how many students chose each answer choice.  Usually, students would begin giving input on how they believed that the problem should be solved.  When students were stumped where to start, I often directed their attention to my problem solving strategies bulletin board.  We would work through the problem as a class, and I would finally reveal the correct answer. 
 
Next, I would ask my students to calculate what percent of our class answered the question correctly.  Finally, I would ask them to predict how they thought the students in our school did on this exact problem. With great fanfare, I would reveal what percentage of their fellow students answered this question correctly.  This led to some great conversations.  They often wanted to know what answer choice most students chose.  We would then analyze why a student might pick that answer choice.  If the class' percentage met or exceeded the school average, the students were allowed to color in one square on the board.  If the class' percentage fell below the school average, no square was colored in.  I was truly surprised by what a great motivation coloring in a square could be to my students!   

 
Here is our Beat the School board about half the way through the semester.
Eventually, I ran out of questions.  I had plans to dig up some older questions, but I never got around to it.  For a few weeks after this, I would have at least one student a day ask if we were finally going to get to do a new beat the school problem.  Students asking to do math problems?  Let's just say I was one happy teacher. 

This routine was good for me as a teacher because it reminded me on a daily basis that there is more to teaching math than teaching what will be tested at the end of the year.  My Algebra 1 students got to apply their problem solving skills to questions that one would not normally see until Geometry.  I think this activity stretched both me and my students.

I did have a problem with students trying to sabotage the boxes of other classes towards the end.  In the future, I think I will keep a chart detailing each class' points in a safe place where it can not be tampered with. 

Friday, May 17, 2013

Awards

We had our awards assembly on the afternoon of the last day of school.  Considering the fact that we have an attendance problem at our school, this was probably not the best idea.  Many of our students just chose not to show up for school on the last day of school.  Others chose to skip out right before the assembly began. 

For Algebra 1, I gave two awards.  I gave one award to the student with the highest Algebra 1 average.  This student was very deserving.  But, it was also her second time to take Algebra 1.  Last year, she did not pass the end of instruction exam at the end of the year.  So, she was required to retake Algebra 1 concurrently with Geometry. 

I also wanted to reward a high-achieving student who was taking Algebra 1 for the very first time.  The student with the highest average in this category was also very deserving.  She worked extremely hard all year.  In the past, she had not done well in math.  She doesn't like school, and she is very vocal about it.  But, this year, she made an exception for Algebra I.  She kept the perfect notebook.  She did every single homework assignment.  She asked questions when she didn't understand things.   
She challenged me as a teacher this year, and I'm thankful for that.  Every time I tried to play review games with her class, it would fail miserably.  You would think I would learn, but I didn't.  And, every time this student would get frustrated with the review game, she would announce, "Ms. Hagan, I don't think I'm learning a single thing."  As painful as that is to hear sometimes, it's something I need to hear as a teacher.  I wish I had a bunch more students who were willing to speak up when my presentation approach does not meet their needs. 

Next year, I want to give my students more opportunities to vocalize whether or not something is helping them to learn.  Because, that's what it's all about.  It doesn't matter how fun an activity is if it isn't helping my students to learn. 

Anyway, back to the awards assembly.  I walked up to the podium to announce who will be receiving my top student awards.  I gave the award to the top Math Analysis student and the award to the top Algebra 2 student.  I announced my first Algebra 1 winner, and no one rises from their seat.  I announce my second Algebra 1 winner, and no one rises from their seat.  I find this hard to believe because I had asked this student if she would be there just hours earlier.  I had done everything but tell her that she was going to be receiving one of my awards. 

After the assembly is over, I look up and am surprised to see my missing student approaching me.  She has a question to ask me.  "Can I still have my award?  I was too scared to go up there and get it."  I'm not sure if this student has ever won an award before.  I proudly presented her with her medal, and I shook her hand.  It breaks my heart to think about what must have been going through her mind as she sat there in the auditorium. 

Next year, I want to do a better job.  I want to do a better job of recognizing students.  I shouldn't wait until the last day of the school year to congratulate them on a job well done.  I'm not sure what this will look like yet, but I'm thinking about it. 

In the mean time, I'd love to hear about how you recognize students in your own classroom!   

Thursday, May 16, 2013

Summer

My list of things I want to accomplish this summer is filling up fast. 

* OCTM (Oklahoma Council of Teachers of Mathematics) Conference - 1 day
* OGAP (Oklahoma Geometry and Algebra Project) - 5 days
* Pre-AP High School Math Workshop - 4 days
* AP Statistics Summer Institute - 4 days

And, those are only the conferences I plan on attending.  I'll be directing my church's Vacation Bible School for the second year.  And, I'll be taking a group of 3rd-6th graders to church camp for a week this summer.

Other to-do items:

* Decorate Classroom
* Create Algebra 1 Curriculum Map
* Create Algebra 2 Curriculum Map
* Algebra 2 INB Ideas
* Plan Statistics Curriculum (New Prep!)
* Decide if I want my statistics students to keep a notebook
* Start Common Core Transition Process (The OGAP Project will help a lot with this!)
* Come up with a better process for word walls for Algebra 1 and Algebra 2
* Create a classroom management plan that I can actually stick with
* Find a method to assign student jobs for next year
* Catch up on blogging and responding to comments/e-mails
* Write bylaws for Student Council
* Create community service requirements for NHS
* Plan staff development opportunities for 2013-2014
* Fully implement my new filing system

My new filing system.  I love it!

My label maker and I are becoming very close. :)


Then, I have my summer reading list to conquer.





Wednesday, May 15, 2013

Math is...

This past school year, I was on a mission.  I had a goal.  The majority of the students I taught hated math.  Many had failed their eighth grade math test.  Others had taken Algebra 1 last year and failed it.  I told myself that I was going to take these students who hated math and turn them into students who loved math.  I mean, that's possible in less than a year, right? 

Whether possible or not, I sat out to do it.  To help measure my progress, I challenged my students to write a #MathIs tweet on the very first day of school.  Reading these was disheartening to say the least.  I put the results away in a desk drawer, and I started teaching my kids algebra. 
Towards the end of April, I had my students revisit the challenge.  Again, I asked them to define what math meant to them.  I flipped through the results as they were handed in, and I was disappointed.  Today, I sat down to match up as many as possible.  I don't have a ton of matches due to schedule changes, students moving in and out of the district, absences, and students who still have not mastered the act of writing one's name on one's paper. 

Looking at these side-by-side comparisons, I should be discouraged.  I didn't reach my goal.  Not a single student said "I love math."  But, I'm not discouraged.  This is not data to tally.  This is not a research project.  These are not the results from research subjects.  These are my students that I care very much about.  These "tweets" don't tell the whole story.  I have students who tell me, "I hate math, but I love your class."  And, that's progress.  These students didn't learn to hate math overnight.  My students and I are battling against years of past experience with mathematics.  And, sadly, I don't have a magic wand that can erase their bad experiences.  But, that doesn't mean that I am not doing something important.   

If you're interested in reading what my students said about math and how it changed over the course of one school year, I've typed up the matches below. 

THE RESULTS
__________________________________________________________
August: Math is super dumb in very ways. It can be used in many careers and jobs in the world. It includes carpentry, welding, fabrication and many others.

April: MATH IS Very Important to everybody. I do not like math because, I am not good at it. I would like to go meet the person who invented Math [and punch him in the face.]
__________________________________________________________

August: Math is a bunch of #numbers and problems that are used everyday.

April: #MathIs to me the science of numbers and their operations.
__________________________________________________________

August: Math is finding the answer to a problem.  it's about making tables and writing equations.

April: Math is a series of numbers and letters and equations.
__________________________________________________________

August: Math is solving problems logically.

April: #MathIs a science dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement.
__________________________________________________________

August: I think math is a way to break down and solve a problem!

April: #MathIs hard!  You have to actually try!
__________________________________________________________

August: Math is really boring and I cannot comprehend any of it.  There is a lot of numbers.

April: #MathIs horrible. (The student tried to spell terrible, but he couldn't figure out how to spell it.  So, he marked it out and replaced it with horrible.)
__________________________________________________________

August: Math is a subject that could get you a lot of good jobs.  math is fun, but it is hard.

April: Math is something that will help you in the future with all kinds of jobs.
__________________________________________________________

August: #MathIs a very challenging and exciting subject.  It always keeps your mind working.  It is my favorite subject for these reasons and many more!

April: #MathIs really hard, but once you get it, it is kind of fun.  It is also a lot, A LOT of numbers, and sometimes even letters.
__________________________________________________________

August: Math is the use of numbers to solve equations.  It is complicated, but is easy to learn if you set your mind to it.

April: #MathIs difficult to learn but offers a good challenge and makes you try your best.
__________________________________________________________

August: Math is a subject that you add and subtract and divide and multiply to solve math problems to find the answer.

April: Math is fun and educational.
__________________________________________________________

August: Math is a equation of numbers that add up to make another number.  It is something that you can use to do your taxes and stuff like that.

April: I like math because it is educational.
__________________________________________________________

August: #MathIs fun and educational but boring with no reason for it.  Do not need it when we get out of school.  Do not care for it at all.  No reason to remember it.

April: #MathIs unimportant never going to be used in our life.  Although sometimes math is fun but can be boring.  And it is educational, sometimes.
__________________________________________________________

August: Math is a bunch of numbers that you solve with a equation to solve a problem.

April: Math is kinda cool but not really.
__________________________________________________________
 
August: Math is a opportunity that is used most in life and it is used to apply or qualify for a job.

April: #MathIs AMAZING!!!
__________________________________________________________
 
August: Math is a subject in school that we use a lot in life.

April: #MathIs numbers, variables, shapes, problems, solutions, graphs, tables... Everything! O.o
__________________________________________________________
 
August: Math is a boring and confusing class that I absolutely do not like...

April: Math is fun, boring, long, dumb, hard to understand, easy at times, and very useable in and out of school!!
__________________________________________________________

August: Math is numbers.  It also has some type of letters.  It has equations.  It can be very complicated at times. #6thhour!

April: #MathIs boring, annoying, and tiring.  I find it a waste of time.  I will never use half of the stuff we've learned.
__________________________________________________________

August: Math is a subject that you have to use in everywhere you go.

April: Math is something that will have to use the rest of your life.  math can be fun if you make it fun.  You always learn new mathematical terms and a lot of other things to. 
__________________________________________________________

August: Math is a system where you use a form of multiplication, division, subtraction, or addition.

April: Math is boring and I already know what I need to know in life.  I don't need to know letters in math. 
__________________________________________________________

August: I really don't excel in math like I should.  It is a difficult subject.  math is problem solving, to put it simply.

April: I believe math is a solution to questions.  Questions that people wanted to know the answer to.  So they created math.

Tuesday, May 14, 2013

Algebra 2 Advice

Want to feel like an amazing teacher, mediocre teacher, and terrible teacher all at the same time?  Ask your students to write a letter of advice to future students taking the class. 

Though I asked for advice for a future student, I was actually looking for feedback on how I am doing as a teacher.  I have an entire list of things I know I need to work on.  But, it's different hearing it in the words of a student.  My Algebra 2 class this year was small.  Second semester, I had 12 students.  A large percentage of these students made it clear that they did not want to be there.  It was a daily battle to get them to stop talking, sit down, and get to work.

As a first-year teacher, I made a rookie mistake.  Whenever one of these students would misbehave, I would call them out on it in front of their peers.  I would stop my lesson in an attempt to get them to refocus.  When that didn't happen, I would start to lose my patience.  I made the entire class pay for the unwise decisions of a few.  Instead of disciplining these students, I was rewarding them.  I gave them what they wanted--the attention of the entire class.  No wonder they never seemed to learn their lesson.  I was rewarding them and punishing my other students in the process. 

In one of the books I'm reading this summer, the author talks about how she always asks students to step out in the hall before confronting them.  When I first read this, I thought it was a crazy idea.  After all, if I did that I would spend more time outside my classroom than inside it.  But, then again, maybe not.  When I deprive my misbehaving students of their audience, maybe there won't be quite as much misbehaving.   

Last summer, I spent a lot of time reading about classroom management.  But, I didn't go into my classroom with a plan.  This summer, I want to create a classroom management plan that fits my teaching style and philosophy.  My students deserve a more conducive learning environment than I provided them with this year.     

I do believe I made a difference in the lives of my students this year.  Every single one of my Algebra 2 students passed their EOI exam.  Every single one of them.  100%.  Last year, the pass rate was 39%.  I did some good things, and I bolded them below.  But, I've got lots more to work on. 

Quotes that Made Me Smile or Frown
 
"Your hard work will pay off and you will learn more then you ever know by the end of the year."

"This class will probably start out as fun and easy, but make sure you work just as hard, as if it were trigonometry or calculus.  Because if you do this at the beginning of the year, it won't be too hard at all to continue to do that to the end of the year."

"Algebra 2 has its ups and downs, but it can be really fun..." 

"It can be really easy, but how easy it is depends on your attitude and your determination."

"Algebra 2 is hard.  You want to pay attention to everything!  Come to class everyday because if you miss one day, you will be confused for the rest of the year!" 

"Make sure you learn to use your graphing calculator really good because it will pretty much save your life." 

"The last piece of advice I have for you is that if something seems easy just stop because you are probably doing something wrong."

"Be willing to think." 

"If you don't know how to do something, don't be scared to ask for help." 

 "Don't backtalk the teacher.  Seriously don't.  It's stupid.  You're just wasting your time and everyone else's.  When the teacher tells you to do something, just shut up and do it.  Again, you're wasting everyone's time."

"Take your Algebra 2 class very very seriously...Do not goof off, or anything at all.  Pay attention and shut your mouth!  Teachers mean it man.  They serious."

"Treat the math book like your personal Bible.  Come prepared and shut up!" 

"First off you do not want to talk.  You should pay attention all the time.  Algebra 2 is very difficult anyways so if you don't pay attention you will struggle more than you should."

"If I had to retake the class I would pay attention in class a little better than I did." 

"You must be an extremely fast learner.  Nothing is easy if it seems easy then you are wrong."

"You must never talk or you will get in trouble."

"DO NOT act like [a certain classmate] in class at all because once you do she will get aggravated and have less patience with your class all because one person.  Remember it only takes one person to ruin it for everyone else."

"Do not be afraid to ask questions.  Everyone asks questions and Ms. Hagan will explain very well and show you what your doing wrong." 

"Also take chance to make corrections on the tests.  Coming in during lunch also helps a lot with learning chapters you struggle with.  You should also keep track of all your homework and turn it in.  They are small grades but they all add up."

"And last piece of advice is keep calm during EOI time and have [patience] with your teacher because she will be stressed." 

Monday, May 13, 2013

Thinking Inside the Box...

Instead of giving my students a semester test, I assigned a project.  The project was to create three interactive notebook pages of their own.  Each page should focus on a different concept we studied this school year. 

I told students that these projects would be graded on creativity, colorfulness, inclusion of a foldable or graphic organizer, inclusion of example problems, and mathematical accuracy. 

Other than that, I didn't give students much guidance.  They were allowed to look in their own interactive notebooks for inspiration.  However, I did warn them that they would lose major points if they simply copied a page out of their notebook and turned it in.  I showed them my secret stash of colored paper.  I'm pretty sure I have an addiction.  But, when Amazon has colored paper and cardstock for $3-5 per ream in their Warehouse Deals section, I just can't pass it up.  My students don't seem to mind the 13+ reams of different colors to choose from, though. 

A few students asked for rulers.  One student needed a compass to draw a perfect circle.  Others chose to borrow various circular items from the classroom to trace around. 

One student, however, took a different approach.  She went straight to my supply cabinet.  When she began rummaging through my various boxes of supplies, I didn't stop her.  I simply watched.  She found a small package of rubber bands that were meant for a geoboard.  I told her she could use them as long as they didn't end up flying across the classroom.  Next, she started looking through every single box for a must-have supply: popsicle sticks.  That's one thing I don't keep in my classroom.  Lucky for my student, our science teacher keeps a supply of popsicle sticks and was willing to share.  Finally, the student asked for a specific box that was holding scrap paper in my cabinet.  Curious to see what would become of these odd supplies, I took out the scrap paper and gave her the box. 

For the next two days, this student worked diligently on her project.  She claimed that it was top secret and refused to let me see it until she was done.  When this student had extra free time during the day, she would come to my classroom to retrieve her project to work on. 

There were repercussions, however.  When one student starts decorating a box instead of a sheet of plain notebook paper, the other students in your class tend to want to decorate their own boxes, too.  Luckily, I had recently collected and emptied donation boxes from Student Council's recent Pennies for Patients change drive for the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society.  So, I had a box of boxes for them to choose from. 

Here is the final result: 


The Finished Box


There were foldables for each of the four types of slope.

If you couldn't tell from the first picture, the clouds are actually hanging from the ceiling of the box!  The box tells the story of Slope Dude's journey. 

I think my favorite part of this box is Slope Dude.  He has his own pocket on the side of the box to hang out in when he is not skiing the slopes.  Now I see why she needed a popsicle stick...

If you want to teach someone about the four types of slope, all you have to do is take Slope Dude out of his pocket.  Using the course that has already been set up, one can quickly re-enact the story of Slope Dude. 

I knew Slope Dude had made a major impact on my students.  And, this was only one of many projects submitted that included Slope Dude in some form or fashion.  I'm at the point now where I can't imagine teaching slope without Slope Dude. 
 
Though I was thoroughly impressed by this project, my student was exhausted.  She had finished one out of the required three parts of the assignment in the same time that many of her classmates had finished all three parts.  She vowed that she was going to be lazy with the last two parts. 

Instead, she decided to take on an even bigger challenge.  Remember that box of boxes?  Well, by this time, the supply of small boxes had been depleted.  But, the large box that had been holding the small boxes was still sitting in the corner.  And, this was a pretty large box.  It was probably 3 feet by 2 feet by 8 inches.

Ready to be amazed by what she produced? 

A "Working" Television Complete with a Mathematical News Program

The power button is attached with a cardboard spring mechanism so it "works."
The volume and channel buttons are made with similar mechanisms.  This project features amazing attention to detail!


A Colorful Antenna

Hanging clouds and flowers complete the background for the reporter's news story.

The reporter and her news stories are controlled by these popsicle stick controls.

The bottom popsicle stick control brings out the reporter.  Her first news story is on how to solve two-step equations. 

The reporter's second news story focuses on the concepts of domain and range. 

The finished project
While all of my students were amazed by these two projects, several of them couldn't help but ask why?  Why would you go to all this work when you could have gotten full credit for just designing a colorful foldable with examples and gluing it to a piece of notebook paper? 

My student's answer surprised me.  "In high school, you don't get many chances to be creative.  So, when you get the chance, you need to take advantage of it."

How may times have I stifled my students' creativity?  This summer when I was planning my interactive notebooks, I wanted students to be responsible for creating the left hand pages.  But, I never gave them the chance.  I told myself that I didn't have enough time.  There was too much to cover.  Students would make mistakes.  It would be too messy.  I made up excuse after excuse. 

Next year, I want to give my students more freedom.  I want to give them more opportunities to be creative.  I want them to think outside the box sometimes.  And, there's nothing wrong with thinking inside the box, either.  Because, as this post demonstrates, students will rise to the occasion.  And, they'll surprise you. 

I want to throw my fears out the window.  I am the type of person who wants/needs to be in control.  But, sometimes the most learning happens when things don't go as planned.  The learning process is hectic, chaotic, and messy.  And, when I try to remove those elements from my classroom, I am doing myself and my students a disservice. 

I feel it necessary to note that these two projects were not done by an A student.  They were done by a student who has the potential to be an A student.  However, this student was actually in danger of not passing Algebra 1 if she did not do well on this project. 

Here are some other projects that were inspired by my student who chose to think inside the box. 



Each flower focuses on a different concept from Algebra 1. 


I believe this is supposed to be an Algebra robot...

 

Sunday, May 12, 2013

Prime Factorization using the Birthday Cake Method

Before I became a teacher, I sometimes battled fears that teaching could be boring.  After all, once you've mastered high school math, there's not much new to learn.  Well, there might not be any new material to learn, but I am constantly learning new ways to approach and present concepts.  And, it is anything but boring. 

As a student, I learned to find the prime factorization of a number by creating a factor tree.  This always worked perfectly fine for me.  During my student teaching at the middle school level, there was an amazing math teacher next door who invited me to sit in her class one day to watch a specific lesson.  The lesson was on simplifying square roots. 

Different teachers approach simplifying square roots in different ways.  Some teach their students to factor out all of the perfect squares.  Other teachers ask their students to write out the prime factorization.  Personally, I tend to use the first method for small numbers and the latter method for larger numbers. 

Like I said earlier, I learned to write the prime factorization using a factor tree.  I like factor trees.  But, I've noticed that sometimes branches of the factor tree can get lost if students are not very careful.  And, I have a lot of students who tend to rush and lose things along the way.  Or, they write so sloppily that it's near impossible to follow their work. 

So, when I saw this middle school teacher teach the students a different way to organize their prime factorization, I got really excited.  It's called the birthday cake method.  Instead of searching the sprawling branches for the prime factorization, the birthday cake method lines the prime factorization up in the same exact spot every time. 

Students do need to be able to identify numbers as prime or composite before starting.  To review and practice this, we created a chart in our interactive notebooks with the definition for prime numbers and composite numbers.  Looking back, I wish I would have created a graphic organizer for this.  Maybe next year...

   
Prime and Composite Numbers Chart - Interactive Notebook
Once students could identify numbers as prime or composite, I taught them the Birthday Cake Method to find the prime factorization.

Step 1: Write your starting number as the first layer of the cake.

Step 2: On the outside of the first layer, write a PRIME NUMBER that will divide evenly into the bottom layer.

Step 3: Divide and write your answer as a second layer.

Step 4: On the outside of the second layer, write a PRIME NUMBER that will divide evenly into the second layer.

Step 5: Divide and write your answer as a third layer.

Step 6: Repeat until you end up with a 1 on the top of your cake.  This is the candle of your birthday cake!

Step 7: Use the numbers on the outsides of the layers to write your prime factorization. 


Birthday Cake Method for Prime Factorization - Interactive Notebook


Prime Factorization Examples using the Birthday Cake Method - Interactive Notebook